39 results
diagnosis differential endocrinology hypocalcemia management workup nephrology symptoms pathophysiology clinical constipation gout hyperkalemia hyperuricemia malignancy mnemonic treatment acronym acute aki
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... - Calcium-sensing ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
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 Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... #Causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm High or Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... : Parathyroid adenoma ... , Parathyroid carcinoma ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #Causes #Differential
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 Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL) Neuromuscular manifestations • Tremor, tetany, seizures • Weakness
Abnormalities of calcium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid ... Hypomagnesemia #Signs
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism ... low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... disease - Secondary hyperparathyroidism
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 Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Destruction of parathyroid ... sunlight • Other Causes ... #causes
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate LOW PHOSPHATE - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... ) • Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
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