91 results
diagnosis differential hyperkalemia algorithm causes management endocrinology nephrology hypocalcemia treatment high pharmacology pathophysiology clinical ekg hypomagnesemia signs comparison ecg hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL) Neuromuscular manifestations • Tremor, tetany, seizures • Weakness
Hypokalemia • Renal potassium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Parathyroid
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... : - Hypoparathyroidism ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... Laboratory #Levels #Hyperparathyroidism
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 Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm High or Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Normal PTH: • Hyperparathyroidism ... : Parathyroid adenoma ... , Parathyroid hyperplasia ... , Parathyroid carcinoma ... nephrology #PTH #parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid hormone–dependent Primary hyperparathyroidism Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia Lithium-associated Tertiary hyperparathyroidism Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid hormone–dependent ... Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Neoplasms - Parathyroid
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 Causes of Hypercalcemia Parathyroid gland structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism • Parathyroid adenoma • Parathyroid hyperplasia • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... structure-related • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... disease • Tertiary hyperparathyroidism ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia Evaluation Algorithm (PTH = parathyroid hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid hormone–related peptide.) #Hypercalcemia #Evaluation #Algorithm #Diagnosis
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... Algorithm (PTH = parathyroid ... hormone; PTHrp: parathyroid ... #Hypercalcemia #
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 Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Serum Mg: GI losses, Renal losses, Alcoholism, Malnutrition, Drug-Induced
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Elevated - Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Inappropriately Normal/Low - Hypoparathyroidism ... Destruction of parathyroid ... emoryimchiefs #Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism ... • Hypercalcemia ... long-standing secondary hyperparathyroidism
Causes of Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... resorption: • Primary hyperparathyroidism ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... : • Familial hypercalcemic
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate LOW PHOSPHATE - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... NormaI PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... Low PTH • Hypoparathyroidism ... • Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia
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