33 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... stroke, Acute spinal ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hoffman's sign. Even in this specific case, accompanied by a clonus outline (rhythmic contractions). The median
this specific case ... nerve acts both as ... pathway and the spinal ... Abnormal #clinical #video ... #neurology #PhysicalExam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... constipation Differential ... Diagnosis: • ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Chest Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Infarction • Stable ... Gastro-Esophageal Reflux ... Disorder • Spinal
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
Causes of Hypotonic ... Floppy Newborn) - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Strength, Normal Reflexes ... Pediatrics
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes ... syndromes #lesions #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Causes of Neuromuscular ... Weakness • Spinal ... Motor Nerves: ALS ... #differential # ... diagnosis #neurology
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Passive neck flexion causes ... spinal cord movement ... flexion occurs as ... an involuntary reflex ... #PhysicalExam #Pediatrics
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
consistent with a diagnosis ... experience, the cause ... decompress the spinal ... #ophthalmology ... #physicalexam #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Cord Causes: 1 ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... #neurology #differential