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oncology causes algorithm anemia thrombocytosis chronic cll hemolysis lymphocytic mds myelodysplastic purpura acquired activation agglutinin aplastic apml behcet bruising cancer
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... deficiency Infections ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... #hematology
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Infectious • Bacterial • Viral (EBV) • Parasitic • Fungal Congestive
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Infectious • ... • Lymphoma • Leukemia ... Serum Sickness Hemolytic ... #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... Myelofibrosis Infectious ... disorders • Celiac disease ... effect following treatment ... #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection ... iron deficiency, hemolysis ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Chronic myeloid leukemia ... #hematology #secondary
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... risk-stratification • Risks: infection ... transformation to acute leukemia ... #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework 1) Environment - Fragmentation - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... Internal (RBC) - Infections ... Diagnosis #hematology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
Overwhelming clinical syndrome ... age, however the disease ... : • Infection ... #management #treatment ... #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... DIC/TTP/HUS - Hemolytic ... #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology #
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