17 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
- Differential Diagnosis ... DM (visit 2), Diagnosis ... based on repeat clinic ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
- Workup and Differential ... Diagnosis Approach ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... Neurologic disorders ... #Workup #causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... investigations depending on clinical ... syndrome: troponin ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... • Diagnosis of ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... Clinical Features ... Risk Factors: • Hypertensive ... inhibitors • Renal ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
of breath • Neurologic ... heart sounds, hypotension ... Hyperuricemia • Acute renal ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia ... #cancer
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
- Differential Diagnosis ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... fibrosis, cervical cancer ... • Prolonged hypotension ... #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
- Differential Diagnosis ... at least 50% Renal ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Sjögren) Post-Renal ... Constipation • Prostate Cancer