23 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
: ALL, CML, AML, ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Hematology #Oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... Treatment: • Consider ... to MDS or acute leukemia ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Leukemia, Tumour ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... Chronic myeloid leukemia ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
• Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... • Sezary syndrome ... workup #oncology #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Summary
Overview: 
 • Most common leukemia in adults
 • Disorder of
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ... • Most common leukemia ... 5) Symptoms of anemia ... marrow failure with anemia ... #oncology #hematology