22 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... Chronic kidney disease ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology ... #Differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
failure, Addison's disease ... Granulomatous diseases ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Differential Diagnosis ... Granulomatous Disease ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Differential # ... #causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... , Kidney Disease ... Syndrome - Calcium ... #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hepatobiliary Disease ... #Differential # ... #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... Hyperthyroidism • Paget's disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... 1) Clinical clues ... #workup #differential ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
by Clinical Cause ... low circulating calcium ... levels Autoimmune disease ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease (HADD) - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Ovoid hypointense structures along the bursal surface
(HADD) - MSK Radiology ... consistent with Calcium ... adjacent to the Calcium ... Differential diagnosis ... #diagnosis #msk