41 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
• High Urine Cl ... - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... urine #potassium #differential ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
of Polyuria - Differential ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... • Central Dl (Low ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology