48 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... , Bartter's syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... intake, Diuretics ... -: Diuretics, Bartter ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Bartter syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome