21 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Aldosterone Release: ACE ... happypillsrx/ #Hyperkalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
The Diagnostic Approach ... to Hyperkalemia ... Isolated aldosterone deficiency ... LMW heparin - ACE-I ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... • Low Urine Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... syndrome #hypokalemia ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... and iron release Diagnosis ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... #Failure #CHF #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Protein S deficiency ... considered in all ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis