14 results
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Exogenous (KCL ... #differential #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... • Low Urine Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... and iron release Diagnosis ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... (CHF) Iron deficiency ... Exercise capacity Diagnosis ... #Failure #CHF #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #potassium
Venous Thrombosis vs Arterial Thrombosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

VENOUS THROMBOSIS

 • Acquired Risk Factors:
	- >48 hours
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Protein S deficiency ... considered in all ... Venous #Arterial #pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
myeloma, CML, AML ... Primary carnitine deficiency ... #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Pathophysiology ... • Severe iron deficiency ... • Mitchell et al ... #Pathophysiology