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diagnosis differential causes hyperkalemia kidney algorithm diuretics high management table abg acidbase acidosis acutekidneyinjury aki aniongap base bloodgas classes comparison
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Potassium Excretion ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... Decreased Na, K-ATPase ... Pathophysiology #Pharmacology ... #Renal
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... diagnosis #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... Cystinuria - Amino acid ... syndrome - Na-K- ... , K channel, Cl ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urine Na/K/ ... Cl/urea/protein/ ... Cr - Renal/bladder ... - CPK, uric acid ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Recurrence: • For ALL ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... alkalinisation: potassium ... d-Penicillamine, ascorbic acid ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... Acid loads (ammonium ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... - Renal Failure ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... • Inhibit Na+K+ ... Piretanide Potassium ... #nephrology #conversion
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