15 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
sparing diuretics ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Beta blockers • Antibiotics ... #high #nephrology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Aldosterone Release: ACE ... Decreased Na, K-ATPase ... happypillsrx/ #Hyperkalemia ... Pathophysiology #Pharmacology ... #Renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... vomiting) • Low K ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
loss • Renal ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
NSAIDs, β-blockers, Antibiotics ... , K-sparing diuretics ... Ca-gluconate or 1g CaCl ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... #urine #potassium ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... 2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... • Inhibit Na+ Cl ... • Inhibit Na+K+ ... Piretanide Potassium ... nephrology #conversion