29 results
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
RA) or systemic lupus ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
liver or kidney disease ... Corticosteroid use • Primary ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
Myositis 4% - Lung ... auto-immune, Infectious diseases ... sclerosis, Still's disease ... autoantibodies #signs ... #symptoms #mimickers
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Adrenals: • Lung ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Cortisol Deficiency: Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... #signs #symptoms
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
pre-determined etiology Signs ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
sensory • Before diagnosis ... intervertebral disc disease ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Features of Systemic Lupus ... effusion, Restrictive lung ... pain (20%) Renal disease ... erythematosus #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs