5918 results
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
- Differential Diagnosis ... Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes:

Conditions with Abnormal RBCs:
 •
The differential diagnosis ... with Abnormal RBCs ... : • Abnormal RBC ... Xerocytosis • RBC ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Plasmodium falciparum life cycle
1: Mosquito bite, transmission of sporozoite
2: Liver, Asexual replication. 1 sporozoite → 10-30,000
Merozoites infect RBC ... RBC ruptures releasing ... Merozoites infect other RBCs ... falciparum #lifecycle #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... Urinalysis >3 RBCs ... (proteinuria, RBC ... casts, dysmorphic RBCs ... uw_IMresidency #Hematuria #Diagnosis
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
- Differential Diagnosis ... 2) External (RBC ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Smear ↑ abnormal RBCs ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Anemia Diagnostic Algorithm

Mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV): Average RBC size. Under 80 = microcytic. Between 80-95
Anemia Diagnostic ... (MCV): Average RBC ... among size of RBCs ... wide range of RBC ... reticulocytes (immature RBCs
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... of dysmorphic RBC ... ’s, RBC/WBC casts ... neck, prostatic) #Diagnosis
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
== Decreased RBC ... Glucose Content • RBC ... Reduction == Increase RBC ... Dilutional Effect • RBC ... Increase #Decrease #Diagnosis