54 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... anemia (sometimes ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... diagnosis #hematology #microscopy
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm

Celiac disease suspected:
 • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease
 •
suspected: • Signs ... and symptoms of ... Iron-deficiency anemia ... discernable cause • Signs ... T1DM, Addisons, microscopic
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
- Hemolytic anemia ... auto-immune, Infectious diseases ... sclerosis, Still's disease ... autoantibodies #signs ... #symptoms #mimickers
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... #Systemic #Lupus ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Joint Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Monoarthritis
 • Septic
 • Crystalline
     - Gout
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ... Polyarthritis • Systemic Lupus ... with Systemic Lupus ... should have other symptoms ... Joint #Disorders #msk
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Using fluorescence microscopy ... context of other symptoms ... , Drug-induced Lupus ... Speckled: Systemic lupus ... , Drug-Induced Lupus
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
cells on urine microscopy ... Dysmorphic RBCs and/or RBC ... • Thin GBM disease ... IgA, post-strep, lupus ... • Pauci-immune disease
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
to repair => Microscopic ... StressFractures #msk ... pathophysiology #symptoms ... #signs
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Features of Systemic Lupus ... pain (20%) Renal disease ... ) Blood (75%): Anemia ... erythematosus #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Clinical: • Disease ... Subcutaneous nodules, lupus ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Pulmonary