256 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... CHF • liver failure ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Renal Failure ... Hypervolemic - Heart failure ... , liver failure,
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... chronic renal failure ... Cirrhosis, Cardiac failure ... #Hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Hypovolemia, Heart failure ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential Diagnosis ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Traumatic brain injury ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Uremia, Liver failure
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... depletion - Heart failure ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... Advanced renal failure
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Na < 20: Heart failure ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Na > 30: Renal failure ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Aplastic Anemia and Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes with Pancytopenia

Fanconi Anemia
Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Dyskeratosis Congenita & Telemore Biology
and Bone Marrow Failure ... Syndromes with ... #Pancytopenia #Syndromes ... #BoneMarrow #Failure ... Aplastic #anemia #diagnosis
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 - MAP <65. SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Insufficiency, Liver Failure ... Medications, Spinal Cord Injury ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... #criticalcare #
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Syndrome ... Congestive heart failure ... • Nephrotic syndrome