21 results
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures ... Pelvis - Positive Alkaline ... Phosphatase Renal ... #Fragility #Fractures ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
tubule of the kidney ... • recurrent fractures ... neuropathy • Renal ... : - Renal failure ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Alkaline Phosphatase ... Bone growth) Alkaline ... Intestine - Other causes ... Intestine • Kidney ... Pregnancy - Renal
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Kidney Disease ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Family history, ultrasound ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Renal Infarction on POCUS

An illustrative case of renal infarction: Note that there is almost no color
Renal Infarction ... An illustrative case ... upper half of the kidney ... POCUS #clinical #ultrasound ... #kidney
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... breast, lung, renal ... lung cancer • Renal ... Pheochromocytoma Chronic kidney ... Dietary • Milk-alkali
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
• Compression fracture ... , Pathologic fracture ... breast, prostate, renal ... collection • Kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... amino acids in kidney ... and phosphate: alkaline ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
haematuria, Normal renal ... ultrasound HRS-NAKI ... - No other cause ... of kidney disease ... - No other cause
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
radiation dose Ultrasound ... identify non-calculus causes ... for non-calculus causes ... scan) when an ultrasound ... #Kidney #stones