3039 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Pathophysiology #Differential
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Kidneys: ↑ Ca2+ reabsorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... , ↓ PO4- reabsorption ... Kidneys: ↑ Ca2+ reabsorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
tubule (PCT) - Reabsorption ... Isosmotic reabsorption ... Secretion and reabsorption ... loop - Passive reabsorption ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Fluid and Water Secretion and Absorption in the GI Tract

#Fluid #water #Secretion #Absorption #reabsorption #GITract #diagnosis
Secretion and Absorption ... water #Secretion #Absorption ... #reabsorption #
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Ttype 2 Overview

HCO3 reabsorptive failure
Lowering of threshold for HCO3 absorption in
Overview HCO3 reabsorptive ... threshold for HCO3 absorption
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #differential
Comparison table between arterial vs venous leg ulcers. Visit gramproject.com for more medical diagrams, tables and
Comparison table ... medical diagrams, tables ... #differential #surgery
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Bioavailability, Absorption ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table