484 results
Mechanism of Action for Common Diabetes Medications

 • SGLT2i (Dapagliflozin)
 • TZD (Pioglitazone)
 • Biguanides (Metformin)
Meglitinides • GLP-1 Receptor ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Calcium-sensing receptor ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
autoimmunity attack TSH receptor ... of thyrotropin receptor ... pathophysiology #endocin #endocrinology
Diabetes Medications Summary Table
Insulin
Lifestyle modifications
Metformin
Sulfonylureas
GLP-1 receptor agonists - ↓ major adverse CV events
TZDs
DPP-4 inhibitors
SGLT2 inhibitors -
Sulfonylureas GLP-1 receptor ... comparison #management #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High/Normal Radioiodine Uptake
 - Autoimmune Thyroid Disease:
    • Grave's
Positive anti-TSH Receptor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Graves Disease - Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism
Epidemiology: Most common cause of hyperthyroidism, Incidence peaks at 30-50
Diagnosis: 
1 )
Measure thyrotropin-receptor ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists ... featured #GLP1 #Receptor ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Calcium Sensing Receptor ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Calcium-sensing receptor-gene ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Dominant Calcium Receptor ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology