53 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
↓Phosphate • Secondary ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary #Secondary ... #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Hypertensive urgency • Refractory ... Renal Parenchymal Diseases ... #Nephrology #Differential
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
rare, gestational diseases ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Cerebrovascular Disease ... , PRES Pathophysiology ... permeability Diagnosis ... APS), Secondary ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis ... constant, global, and refractory ... • Autoimmune disease ... Diagnosis: Risk ... #Neurology
Approach to the Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism - Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

 • Secondary Hyperthyroidism (↑↔TSH,
Approach to the Diagnosis ... Algorithm • Secondary ... Uptake: • Graves disease ... trophoblastic disease ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
- Differential Diagnosis ... ACTH-Dependent (Secondary ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Syphilis, Lyme disease ... syndrome, myeloma, secondary ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Fabry's disease ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... long-standing secondary ... Granulomatous Disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
LC deposition disease ... Solid tumors • Secondary ... Minimal change disease ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Nephrology