2460 results
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption ... Pathophysiology #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #differential
Serotonin Syndrome - THINK: FAST
 - FAST onset
 - FAST movements (agitation, akathisia, HYPERreflexia)
 - FAST
HYPERreflexia) - FAST resolution ... HYPOreflexia - SLOW resolution ... Toxicology #Comparison #Differentiate
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Polyuria - Differential ... breakdown, TPN, Resolution ... #Polyuria #Differential
When trying to differentiate between the two conditions think “FAST” with Serotonin Syndrome and “SLOW” with
When trying to differentiate ... HYPERreflexia) - FAST resolution ... HYPOreflexia - SLOW resolution
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... excretion/reduced bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... #Hypocalcemia #Differential
Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia
The diagnosis of drug-induced thrombocytopenia can be made only by demonstrating resolution of thrombocytopenia once
demonstrating resolution ... Thrombocytopenia #Differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... Cytokine-Mediated Bone Resorption ... Hypercalcemia #Differential
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
symptomatology Differential ... infiltrates) → high resolution ... Renal #Syndrome #differential