575 results
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
, ↑ PO4- absorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Bones: ↑ Bone resorption ... Bones: ↓ Bone resorption ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Graves' Disease Treatment
Thionamides (mainly methimazole)
 • Chance of remission in up to 2 years
 • No
hyperthyroidism resolution ... hyperthyroidism resolution ... Treatment #Management #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
increased bone Ca2+ resorption ... increased GI Ca2+ absorption ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
Bone resorption ... This creates a resorptive ... that facilitate resorption ... environment in the resorptive ... Pathophysiology #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
and death DKA Resolution ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
and death DKA Resolution ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Decreased calcium absorption ... excretion/reduced bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... resistance to bone resorption ... Diagnosis #Causes #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Cytokine-Mediated Bone Resorption ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
weeks after the resolution ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology