19 results
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
Diuretics if heart failure ... UA) - Tubular (renal ... - Diaqnosis: Renal ... ultrasonography, urinalysis, renal ... - Diagnosis: Renal
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... failure • ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... failure, acute ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
contribution of liver or renal ... peritonitis - Acute ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal ... #typea #typeb #classification
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal
 Acute Iron Poisoning

There are five classically described phases of toxicity:
Gastrointestinal phase (~6 hours post-ingestion)
 -
Acute Iron Poisoning ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... coagulopathy, renal ... failure) Hepatotoxicity ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... all • Heart Failure ... SIADH — look for cause ... hourly • Identify Cause ... considerations: Addison's, Renal