21 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hormone–independent Renal ... failure, acute ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal ... failure • ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... #causes
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Hypercalcemia - ... Renal Failure → ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... Treatment #algorithm #management ... #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
papilledema, heart failure ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Renal parenchymal
Classification of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) and Treatment of Metabolic Abnormalities of TLS
Laboratory TLS:
 • Uric
Classification of ... Intravenous fluids • Renal ... failure - Dialvsis ... hydroxide • Hyperkalemia ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... Failure, esp w ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Congestive heart failure ... Renal resistance ... Advanced renal insufficiency ... End-stage renal
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes ... #classification
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
depressed) • Renal ... vomiting/diarrhea), renal ... #diagnosis #management ... #differential #causes ... #classification