16 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Gitelman's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #nephrology #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
free water loss, Serum ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Acute pulmonary edema ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... optimal dose after serum ... #Algorithm #Management ... Acute #Chronic #treatment ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... contracted • Loop diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm