1874 results
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... features and high salt ... diet #Renal ... classification #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... corticoid deficiency, Salt-losing ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... diuresis, Cerebral salt ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... losses, Cerebral salt ... Urine Na > 30: Renal ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... insipidus Excessive salt ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
High Uric Acid → renal ... salt wasting By ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Alteration of renal ... - Chronic CRS: Renal ... and VAD induced renal ... 3 - Acute RCS: Salt ... Types #cardiology #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic (Excess salt ... , Ingestion Renal ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hyperaldosteronism, Salt ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Insufficiency, Cerebral Salt ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal ... table #sodium #nephrology
Balanced Crystalloids vs. NormalSaline - My infographic about SALT-ED and SMART trial comparing crystalloids and saline
infographic about SALT-ED ... SALT-ED - Balanced ... with borderline renal ... VisualAbstract #LR #EBM #Nephrology