15 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome ... #comparison #endocrinology ... #diabetes #diabetic
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Proton-pump inhibitors ... - Calcineurin inhibitors ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Classification #Causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... Hypovolemia • RAAS inhibitor ... • Calcineurin inhibitor
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
SGLT2 Inhibitors ... class of anti-diabetic ... kidney), which causes ... #Medications #DM2 ... #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Diabetes Mellitus ... insulin in Type 1 Diabetes ... monitors in Type 1 Diabetes ... pocketcardset #Diabetes ... #Mellitus #DM2
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
DPP-4 Inhibitors ... Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits ... not definitively cause ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2 ... #diabetes #endocrinology
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Hyperparathyroidism • Diabetic ... Sarcoidosis • Hypercalcemia ... drugs • ACE inhibitors ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Poorly controlled DM ... NSAIDs • ACE Inhibitors ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes