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diagnosis differential algorithm aki hyponatremia workup acute management glomerular low metabolic microscopy acidosis alkalosis casts glomerulonephritis kidney kidneyinjury nephritic polyuria
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Nephritic #Nephrotic ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer ... to Nephrology if ... cause not identified
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... , renal tuberculosis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine ... osmolarity If cause ... Interstitial nephritis ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Na >30: Renal losses ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Na > 30: Renal ... #sodium #low #nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
- Checklist Urine ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... tubular interstitial nephritis ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... examination of urine ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
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