72 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... decreased urinary Ca2+ excretion ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN syndromes) 

MEN I
• Hyperparathyroidism 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Possible ZE syndrome 
• Various
Neoplasias (MEN syndromes ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... • Possible ZE syndrome ... Hyperparathyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... and Management ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #endocrinology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
• Refeeding Syndrome ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Burns Increased Excretion ... Osteomalacia • Fanconi Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renovascular HTN, Renin secreting ... , Gitelman syndrom ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Acid (low urinary excretion ... (High urinary excretion ... urine pH) • Hypocalcemia ... #TumorLysis #Syndrome
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome ... ACTH-dependent: - ACTH-secreting ... Disease) - ACTH-secreting ... Hypercortisolism #Cushings #syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause of hypokalemia ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #hypokalemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Other humoral syndromes ... disease - Williams syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High PTH
LOW PTH - Hypoparathyroid
 - Congenital (Pediatric)
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Tumor lysis syndrome ... laxatives) #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #PTH #endocrinology