14 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Staging #Classification
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... endpoint of all-cause ... deficiency #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... or signs of heart ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Staging #Classification ... #Stages #Classes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Staging #Stages ... #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Anaplasma Infection - Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Pathophysiology: 
 • Obligate, intracellular bacteria
 • Transmitted via blacklegged tick —
phagocytophilum Pathophysiology ... within morulae Signs ... and symptoms: ... malaise, myalgias, shaking ... ), cough (30% cases
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... pain (shooting, stabbing ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
10,000 ft) • Symptoms ... : The shift of fluid ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... - The classic signs
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... More Specific Signs ... Jcortesizaguirr #HFrEF #heartfailure ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
with keratotic scaling ... hair follicles -> causes ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy - Diagnosis and Causes
Clinical: Dyspnea, Exercise Intolerance, ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms" (ascites, hepatomegaly, ↑↑peripheral edema)
Physical
Diagnosis and Causes ... ↑ "Right Sided-Symptoms ... and TR Murmurs Imaging ... #differential #cardiology ... #algorithm