32 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Nephritic #Nephrotic ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... intake, Gl loss, shift ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... Urinary obstruction, Nephrotoxic ... are caused by prerenal ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Orthopedic Splints, Casts, Plasters, Traction and Frames
Upper Limb and Spine 
 • DUNLOP TRACTION: Used in
Orthopedic Splints, Casts ... Used in femur shaft ... Used acutely in management ... scoliosis #Splints #Casts ... #Orthopedics #management
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... Casts • Hyaline ... suggestive of nephrotic ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation