66 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Low PTH: • High ... calcitriol induced hypercalcemia ... @aishaikh #Hypercalcemia
Differential Diagnosis for ST Segment Elevations
 - ACUTE STEMI 
 - PULMONARY EMBOLISM 
 - LBBB
BRUGADA SIGN (SYNDROME ... PERICARDITIS - HYPERKALEMIA ... REPOLARIZATION - HYPERCALCEMIA ... ANEURYSM - LVH (HIGH
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Uric Acid (low ... -> Allantoin (High ... Urate Nephropathy (low ... • Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... diagnosis #calcium #high
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - ... Findings Causes of Hypercalcemia ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Thiazide diuretics #Hypercalcemia ... #EKG #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... Transcellular shifts
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... Drugs Causing Hyperkalemia ... Metabolic acidosis - Hyperkalemia ... cantaloupe #hyperkalemia
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... transplant - SLE High ... deficiency - Heparin/ LMW ... Ketoconazole Low ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... nephrology #magnesium #low