123 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... Losses Non-renal ... Transcellular shifts ... MatthewHoMD #Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... Normal, Renin High ... • Congenital adrenal ... Addison's/congenital adrenal ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... insufficiency likely: • High ... ACTH - Primary adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
Malignant Adrenal ... Hirsutism • High ... Other Source (e.g ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Tumors: Lung, SCC, renal ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... diagnosis #calcium #high ... #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... deficiency • Renal ... causes #potassium #high
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Hyperpigmented skin (due to high ... seen in PRIMARY adrenal ... Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia ... Stimulation #StimTest #Endocrinology
Benign Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperplasia - Often Bilateral
 • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
 • ACTH
Benign Adrenal Mass ... • Congenital Adrenal ... Hirsutism • High ... Hypertension +/- Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology