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diagnosis management differential potassium treatment causes nephrology medications algorithm cardiology hypokalemia syndrome table comparison drugs endocrinology hematology hepatology low menstrualcycle
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren) • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia ... • Increased EC shift ... MunerMohamed1 #hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
and sodium • Dosing ... binds magnesium • Dosing ... and calcium • Dosing ... patients sensitive to high ... #medications #pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower: • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... ↑ 2,3-BPG • High ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Clenching of fist during ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... causes #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia ... TTKG should be high ... causes #potassium #high ... #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Clenching of fist during ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... causes #potassium #high
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) Tumor Cell Lysis -> Release of DNA • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... -> Allantoin (High ... Ca-Phos nephropathy (high ... Hypocalcemia • Hyperkalemia ... Syndrome #TLS #Pathophysiology
Beta-Blockers in Cirrhosis • Pathophysiology • Indications: Prevention of decompensation, Prevention of first variceal bleeding,
in Cirrhosis • Pathophysiology ... gastropathy • Dosing ... hepatology #management #pharmacology ... #indications #dosing
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... - Shift from extracellular ... - Insulin (high ... panitumumab) #Drugs #hypokalemia
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