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differential causes hypernatremia table workup clinical criticalcare foamed heartfailure hyperkalemia hypokalemia hypotonic icu intercellularshift management pharmacology physiologic potassium treatment volume
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Algorithm Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... , glucosuria Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Shift: • Alkalosis ... anemia) • G-CSF ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... underlying cause (CHF ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
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