42 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... in pernicious anemia ... Transcellular shifts ... nephrology #low #potassium
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... - incr H+ (acidosis ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Transcellular shift ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... #hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... Intracellular Shift ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Management Algorithm
 • IV calcium
 • IV insulin and glucose and/or salbutamolt
 • Consider
bicarbonate if acidosis ... Dialysis Serum potassium ... blocks, QRS axis shift ... #hyperkalemia #potassium ... #high #diagnosis
Lactic Acidosis - Classification and Differential Diagnosis
Type A Lactic Acidosis: Inadequate Oxygen Delivery
 • Anaerobic muscular
- Classification ... and Differential ... delivery: Hypoxemia, Anemia ... #Classification ... #Differential #