37 results
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... • chronic anæmia ... - Sickle cell anemia ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology ... #pulmonary #respiratory
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... K-ATPase which imports ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- CHF - Pulmonary ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... hemolysis - anemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Tacrolimus - Amelia ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology #
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
Bandemia Overview ... Left Shift: • ... Metamyelocyte (Left Shift ... Degree of bandemia ... CBC #hematology #pathophysiology
Chart of Inhalers for Asthma and COPD
 - SABA - Short Acting Beta-2 Agonists
 - SAMA
COPD - SABA - Short ... Agonists - SAMA - Short ... www.pyrls.com #inhalers #pulmonary ... #respiratory #pharmacology
Benzodiazepines: Mechanism of Action and Side Effects
 • Decr spinal cord activity -> Muscle relaxant
- Anterograde amnesia ... Benzodiazepines #Psychiatry #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
epilepticus • Pathophysiology ... : The shift of fluid ... Edema: • Pathophysiology ... The predominant pathophysiologic ... • Pathophysiology