19 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #nephrology #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Snout (Pout) Reflex on Physical Exam
The Snout reflex or a "Pout" is a pouting or pursing
Snout (Pout) Reflex ... of the muscles causes ... present, is a sign ... #Pout #Reflex #PhysicalExam ... clinical #video #neurology
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
hand" ± Horner Syndrome ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #arm #physicalexam
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Holmes-Adie Syndrome ... females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... Other brainstem syndromes ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms ... #signs
Horner's Syndrome on Physical Exam

A 75yoF was referred in for facial swelling and eyelid changes 1
Horner's Syndrome ... consistent with a diagnosis ... experience, the cause ... ophthalmology #physicalexam ... #neurology #Anisocoria
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS #neurology ... #rheumatology # ... cerebritis #diagnosis
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
test (Romberg's sign ... Observe when patient closes ... Rombergs #Test #neurology ... #diagnosis #proprioception ... #physicalexam
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory ... #motor #leg #physicalexam