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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm management hyponatremia treatment hyperkalemia acute clinical ecg intercellularshift kidneyinjury pathophysiology pharmacology syncope table acs angina bcnie
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury (AKI ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Uosm < 100 mmol/kg
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Kidney Injury AKI ... Impaired forward flow ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... #causes #Acute
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... heart failure, neurologic ... disorders including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders ... #Hypertension #Workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... EABV (e.g., CHF ... renal failure • AKI ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology 1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... (or low potassium ... Pathophysiology #cardiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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