31 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... sometimes advanced treatment ... III and class IV symptoms
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : 33% • Treatment ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... fluid balance, and CXR
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
Stage D CHF is frequently ... associated with end-stage ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... Treatments may include
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes and Treatment

 - Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (most common) / Plasmapheresis 
 - Multiple
Hyperviscosity Syndrome - Causes ... and Treatment ... Phlebotomy - MH/CCF ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Treatment
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Post-operative state ... decompensation (CHF ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... antibiotics once stable ... shows a small, stable
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Pathophysiology ... common • Imaging: CXR ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... initiation • Differential ... sepsis), PE, DAH, CHF
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
based solely on symptoms ... With treatment, ... who never show symptoms ... Diagnosis #Cardiology #CHF ... Classification #Stages #Classes