106 results
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... interarticularis stress ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... , NGT suction, Low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Algorithm - GI ... , TIO, Fanconi Syndrome ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #nephrology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
(IBS) - Pathophysiology ... , Diagnosis and ... Management Algorithm ... less common: Life stress ... #Pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... , NGT suction, Low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm High ... Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... #nephrology #PTH
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Paresthesia of 5th and medial half of 4th
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ... Pathogenesis and clinical ... CubitalTunnel #Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypertensive ... : • High Al, Low ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology