16 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome Definition ... Renal Syndromes ... Infection, Alport Syndrome ... #Renal #Syndrome
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Overfill (Increased renal ... sodium retention ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Syndrome • Allergies
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Hypothyroidism, Stress ... , Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Stress, Nausea, ... Pulmonary Diseases ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
transporter Bartter syndrome ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... deficiency Nephrogenic syndrome ... #Differential #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... GI losses • Renal ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... GI losses • Renal ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology