59 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology of Diabetic ... pts under large stresses ... to insulin TX, stresses ... pathophysiology #comparison #endocrinology ... #diabetes #diabetic
Causes of Hypercalcemia

#Differential #Hypercalcemia #Diagnosis #Causes #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #Hypercalcemia ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism 
 • Possible Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... • Humoral Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... other hormonal causes ... for non-hormonal causes ... uw_IMresidency #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
Drugs causing hyperkalemia ... Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes ... Drospirenone #Drugs #hyperkalemia ... #medications #causes
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization Hypercalcemia ... #Causes #differential ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... cisplatin) - Chronic hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... inhibitors Other causes ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... #differential #causes
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Thiazides/Lithium #Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology