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diagnosis differential algorithm high hypokalemia potassium hypernatremia hyponatremia medications metabolic table acidosis alkalosis chloride diuresis drugs excretion hypomagnesemia hypomg hypotonic
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Hypokalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... exchange resins #aniongap ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (treatment of diabetic ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia - Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment -
associated with hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia Hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... Diabetes Insipidus ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
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