390 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Beer Potomania - Low ... briskly to IV fluids ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Interpretation
Appearance - Opening Pressure - Leukocytes - Differential - Glucose - Protein -
Cerebrospinal Fluid ... - Leukocytes - Differential ... Cerebrospinal #Fluid ... Interpretation #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Extrarenal hypotonic fluid ... • Hypertonic fluid ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... IV fluids, nutrition ... ), Azotemia LOW ... Polydipsia #Polyuria #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... vomiting) • Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology