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diagnosis differential causes nephrology management hypokalemia hypercalcemia low high classification pathophysiology pharmacology hyponatremia medications syndrome table acidosis insufficiency malignancy oncology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... high: • Post-renal
Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia #hyperkalemia #management #algorithm #nephrology #Potassium #Treatment
management of severe hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #management #algorithm ... #nephrology #Potassium ... #Treatment
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired potassium ... with impaired renal ... adapt to excess potassium ... and underlying renal
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 Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... nephrology #low #potassium
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Hyperparathyroidism • Adenoma • Hyperplasia • MEN 1 and 2A Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Endocrinology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Potassium Excretion ... happypillsrx/ #Hyperkalemia ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium ... #Renal
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia ... 3.5 - Severe renal ... route = severe hypokalemia ... monitoring depend on renal ... monitoring depend on renal
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