62 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... excretion • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... high: • Post-renal
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
or enemas - Treatment ... neonates) - Diabetic ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency, adrenal
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... cell disease - Renal ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... Low Renin - Diabetes ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia
Compelling and Possible Contraindications to Antihypertensive Drugs
Diuretics (thiazides)
 - Gout
 - Metabolic syndrome, Glucose intolerance, Pregnancy,
, Hypokalemia, Erectile ... higher risk of hyperkalemia ... (ACEI, ARB, diabetes ... , Bilateral renal ... , Bilateral renal
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Water Central Diabetes ... disorders Nephrogenic Diabetes ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... - Various renal ... diseases (e.g. renal
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia - ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Hypocalciuria Hypercalcemia ... Immobilization • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Hypokalemia ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Transient renal ... - Familial renal
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... Acquired - Primary renal ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Treatment is aimed
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... breast, lung, renal ... , adrenal, prostate ... lung cancer • Renal ... #Causes #endocrinology