93 results
diagnosis differential causes algorithm management hyponatremia low hypokalemia kidney metabolic potassium workup aki acute alkalosis table treatment clinical gitelman hyperkalemia
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome • Increased renal interstitial pressure • Hypoperfusion • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... • Increased renal ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... pathophysiology #nephrology
General approach to AKI - Checklist Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
believed that urine sodium ... fractional excretion of sodium ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... receptor Distal renal ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... - fevers • renal ... • nephrotic syndrome ... • renal failure ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Defects Fanconi Syndrome ... tubule Bartter Syndrome ... Henle Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
perspiration Renal ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
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