10 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... present on repeat testing ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology if cause ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinis", determined heating ... includes the complete analysis ... • Urinary casts ... with normal renal function ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... arrhythmias and paralysis ... from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... confirmed via genetic testing ... continued in most cases ... ; interpretation ... #differential #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Vomiting • NG suction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Lupus Nephritis - Diagnostic approach to kidney disease associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
SLE patient develops
• Nephritic urine ... dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts ... , WBC casts) especially ... Decreased kidney function ... Nephritis #diagnosis #algorithm
Delayed Fracture Healing - Non-Union - Malunion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Inflammation (Hours-Days) -> Soft Callus (Days-Weeks)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... normal axis Non Functional ... Misalignment before casting ... • Premature cast ... #Orthopedics #Causes
A blood test and/or 24 hour urine collection for the breakdown product of adrenaline & noradrenaline
and/or 24 hour urine ... based on blood or urine ... testing, imaging ... In certain cases ... Pheo #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Fever After International Travel

Infectious Disease:
• Endemic in either the destination or home region

Viral Syndromes:
Arboviral infections, a
falciparum: Most cases ... liver and renal function ... polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing ... examination; and urine ... and possibly PCR testing